Desperate Times, Desperate Measures: The Causes of Civilian Victimization in War – Harvard – Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs

Despite international norms and injunctions against using civilians as targets, as well as all indications that targeting civilians is rarely, if ever, effective, belligerents continue to engage in this behavior. Two variables—desperation to win and reduce casualties on one’s own side, and the intention to conquer enemy territory—explain this phenomenon.

Source: Desperate Times, Desperate Measures: The Causes of Civilian Victimization in War – Harvard – Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs

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